Citizenship Application

Australian citizenship applications are governed by the Australian Citizenship Act 2007 and
Australian Citizenship Regulation 2016 and are assessed strictly against the legislative
criteria in force at the “time of application and decision”. Applicants must meet all
requirements exactly, as there is no discretion to waive statutory criteria. Eligibility is based
on lawful residence, character, and commitment to Australia, and these requirements must be
satisfied in full before an application can be approved.

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Most applicants apply for citizenship by conferral, which requires holding permanent
residence, meeting the general residence requirement, and demonstrating good character.

1. The residence requirement assesses the total period of lawful stay in Australia including
minimum time as a permanent resident and limits on absences.
2. Applicants must also demonstrate basic English language ability and knowledge of
Australia, which is assessed through the citizenship test, unless exempt.
3. All applicants aged 18 and over must satisfy the character requirement, which includes
criminal history, immigration compliance, and any previous provision of false or
misleading information to the Australian Government.

This assessment applies at the time of decision and may consider both Australian and
overseas conduct. Citizenship applications are evidence-based and consistency is critical.
Incorrect information, failure to meet residence thresholds, or adverse character findings can
result in refusal or deferral. Once approved, citizenship is granted only after the applicant
makes the Australian Citizenship Pledge at a formal ceremony.